Google Protocol Buffers Tutorial - Simplified Learning

Google Protobuf Tutorial

img.wp-smiley,img.emoji{display:inline !important;border:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;height:1em !important;width:1em !important;margin:0 .07em !important;vertical-align:-.1em !important;background:none !important;padding:0 !important;}.main-navigation.tg-primary-menu > div ul li.tg-header-button-wrap a{background-color:#8d02ad;}.main-navigation.tg-primary-menu > div ul li.tg-header-button-wrap a:hover{background-color:rgba(141,2,173,.65);}.main-navigation.tg-primary-menu > div ul li.tg-header-button-wrap a{border-radius:17px;}.main-navigation.tg-primary-menu > div ul li.tg-header-button-wrap a{padding:5px 34px 5px 34px;}@media (min-width: 1200px){.tg-container{max-width:1170px;}}.tg-page-header{padding:127px 0px 127px 0px;}.tg-page-header{background-color:#3006a1;background-repeat:repeat;background-position:center center;background-size:contain;background-attachment:scroll;}.tg-page-header .breadcrumb-trail ul li{color:#fff;}.tg-page-header .breadcrumb-trail ul li::after{color:#fff;}.tg-page-header .breadcrumb-trail ul li a{color:#fff;}a:hover,a:focus,.tg-primary-menu > div ul li:hover > a,.tg-primary-menu > div ul li.current_page_item > a,.tg-primary-menu > div ul li.current-menu-item > a,.tg-mobile-navigation > div ul li.current_page_item > a,.tg-mobile-navigation > div ul li.current-menu-item > a,.entry-content a,.tg-meta-style-two .entry-meta span,.tg-meta-style-two .entry-meta a{color:#461eaa;}.tg-primary-menu.tg-primary-menu--style-underline > div > ul > li.current_page_item > a::before,.tg-primary-menu.tg-primary-menu--style-underline > div > ul > li.current-menu-item > a::before,.tg-primary-menu.tg-primary-menu--style-left-border > div > ul > li.current_page_item > a::before,.tg-primary-menu.tg-primary-menu--style-left-border > div > ul > li.current-menu-item > a::before,.tg-primary-menu.tg-primary-menu--style-right-border > div > ul > li.current_page_item > a::before,.tg-primary-menu.tg-primary-menu--style-right-border > div > ul > li.current-menu-item > a::before,.tg-scroll-to-top:hover,button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],.tg-primary-menu > div ul li.tg-header-button-wrap a{background-color:#461eaa;}body{color:#212529;}.tg-site-footer .tg-site-footer-bar{border-top-width:1px;}.tg-site-footer .tg-site-footer-bar{border-top-color:#f1f2f3;}.tg-site-footer .tg-site-footer-bar{background-color:#f8f9fa;background-repeat:repeat;background-position:center center;background-size:contain;background-attachment:scroll;}.tg-site-footer-widgets{background-color:#f8f9fa;background-repeat:repeat;background-position:center center;background-size:contain;background-attachment:scroll;}.tg-site-footer .tg-site-footer-widgets{border-top-width:0px;}.tg-site-footer .tg-site-footer-widgets .widget-title{color:#461eaa;}.tg-site-footer .tg-site-footer-widgets,.tg-site-footer .tg-site-footer-widgets p{color:#212529;}.tg-site-footer .tg-site-footer-widgets ul li{border-bottom-width:0px;}body{font-family:Poppins;font-size:15px;line-height:1.8;font-weight:300;font-style:normal;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-family:Roboto;line-height:1.3;font-weight:300;font-style:normal;}.tg-primary-menu > div ul li a{font-family:-apple-system,blinkmacsystemfont,segoe ui,roboto,oxygen-sans,ubuntu,cantarell,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.8;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;}.tg-mobile-navigation a{font-family:Roboto;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.8;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;}.tg-page-header .tg-page-header__title,.tg-page-content__title{font-family:-apple-system,blinkmacsystemfont,segoe ui,roboto,oxygen-sans,ubuntu,cantarell,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.3;color:#fff;}.widget .widget-title{font-family:Nunito Sans;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;}.site-title,.site-description{position:absolute;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);}.profile-img-wrapper img{width:150px !important;}.tg-site-footer .tg-site-footer-bar .tg-site-footer-section-2 .widget{margin:0;}.tg-site-footer .tg-site-footer-bar .tg-container{display:flex;align-items:center;}.tg-page-header{padding:10px !important;}.tg-page-header .tg-page-header__title{line-height:1.3;color:#fff;}.site-branding img{max-height:60px;width:auto;transform:scale(1.3);}.page-id-893 .elementor-tabs-wrapper{display:flex;justify-content:center;}.single-learn .nav-links > div{border:1px solid #888;padding:0 15px;border-radius:20px;}.single-learn .entry-content p,.single-learn .entry-content{font-size:18px !important;color:#333;}@media only screen and (min-width : 768px){#mega-menu-wrap-menu-primary #mega-menu-menu-primary > li.mega-menu-item.mega-menu-item-object-page a{border:none !important;border-radius:30px;background:#352da1 !important;color:#fff !important;text-decoration:none !important;display:flex;align-items:center;position:relative;top:7px;padding:10px 20px !important;}#mega-menu-wrap-menu-primary #mega-menu-menu-primary > li.mega-menu-item.mega-menu-item-object-page a.mega-menu-link:hover{background:#352da1 !important;background-color:#352da1 !important;font-weight:700 !important;}}.tg-page-header{padding:50px !important;}#mega-menu-wrap-menu-primary{background:none !important;color:#333 !important;}#mega-menu-wrap-menu-primary li a{background:none !important;color:#333 !important;}#mega-menu-wrap-menu-primary #mega-menu-menu-primary > li.mega-menu-item > a.mega-menu-link:hover{background:none !important;}.tg-primary-menu{min-width:60%;}.mega-menu-description{display:none !important;}.tg-primary-menu > div ul li.tg-menu-item-search{display:inline-block !important;top:10px;}#mega-menu-wrap-menu-primary #mega-menu-menu-primary{display:flex;}.mega-sub-menu{background-color:#fff !important;border:1px solid #eee !important;}#mega-menu-wrap-menu-primary .mega-sub-menu .mega-menu-item-has-children > a.mega-menu-link{color:#09891e !important;font-weight:400 !important;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:10px !important;border-bottom:1px solid #eee !important;}#mega-menu-wrap-menu-primary .mega-sub-menu .mega-menu-item-has-children > .mega-sub-menu{border:none !important;}#mega-menu-wrap-menu-primary .mega-sub-menu .mega-menu-column > .mega-sub-menu{border:none !important;}.mega-sub-menu{border:none !important;}.owl-carousel .single-item-wrapper .entry-content{font-style:unset !important;}#mobile-navigation #mega-menu-menu-primary{background-color:#fff !important;}#mega-menu-item-1607 > a.mega-menu-link{font-size:1.15rem !important;color:#c91717 !important;font-weight:600 !important;}@media only screen and (max-width: 600px){#mega-menu-wrap-menu-primary #mega-menu-menu-primary li.mega-menu-item.mega-menu-megamenu ul.mega-sub-menu li.mega-3-columns > ul.mega-sub-menu > li.mega-menu-item{display:block !important;margin-bottom:10px;float:none !important;width:100% !important;}#mega-menu-wrap-menu-primary #mega-menu-menu-primary li.mega-menu-item.mega-menu-megamenu ul.mega-sub-menu li.mega-3-columns > ul.mega-sub-menu > li.mega-menu-item a{font-weight:500 !important;}}.tg-page-header__title{visibility:hidden !important;}.site-content{margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:40px;}.learn-template-default .tg-page-header{display:none;}.home-tech-banner .elementor-image-box-content{background:#f8f9fa;padding:.75em;color:#461eaa;font-weight:bold;font-size:16px;}.home-tech-banner .elementor-image-box-img img{border-radius:10px;}.tg-primary-menu{min-width:76% !important;}#mega-menu-wrap-menu-primary #mega-menu-menu-primary{float:left;}.tg-primary-menu > div ul li.tg-menu-item-search{margin-left:34em !important;}@media only screen and (min-width: 1400px){.tg-container{min-width:1380px !important;}}.tg-header-container .tg-container .tg-container--flex .tg-container--flex-center .tg-container--flex-space-between{padding-left:40px !important;}.tg-page-header{display:none !important;}.breadcrumbs{display:none !important;}.home .wc_logo{display:none;}.home .tg-primary-menu{min-width:100% !important;}.tg-header-container{max-width:initial;}.pd_srvc_div .elementor-widget-wrap section .elementor-widget-wrap{box-shadow:0px 0px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.25);padding-bottom:10px;background:#f8f9fa;border-radius:4px;}.pd_srvc_div .elementor-widget-wrap a.elementor-button-link.elementor-button{width:90%;padding:10px 6px;}header#masthead .tg-site-header-bottom{padding-top:7px;padding-bottom:7px;}@media (max-width:991px){.pd_header_social,.wc_serch_bar{display:none !important;}.tg-header-container{padding:0px 30px;}.wc_mobile-item i{font-size:10px;}.wc_mobile-item:hover i{transform:rotate(180deg) !important;transition:.4s ease-in-all;}header#masthead .tg-site-header-bottom{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;}.home .wc_wrapper .wc_btn{margin:auto;}.wc_mobile-item label.wc_mobile-item{margin-bottom:0px;}.mobile-menu-header button.open-menu{background:transparent;color:black;font-size:20px;padding:0px;}.pd_mobile_src,.pd_mobile_src input{display:block !important;}.pd_mobile_src{position:relative;}.pd_mobile_src,.pd_mobile_src label{width:94%;margin:auto;}.pd_mobile_src.search-form input.search-submit{position:absolute;top:0px;right:0px;color:transparent;background:transparent;}form.search-forms.pd_mobile_src{display:flex !important;}.pd_mobile_src input.search-field{outline:none;border-radius:20px 0px 0px 20px;}.pd_mobile_src input.search-submit{outline:none;border-radius:0px 20px 20px 0px;}.learn-template-default.single.single-learn div#content{margin-top:10px !important;}.home .wc_wrapper .wc_nav-links{max-width:290px !important;}}.pd_banner_src_cls form#search-form{display:flex;}.pd_banner_src_cls #search-form input#s{border-radius:20px 0px 0px 20px;outline:none;}.pd_banner_src_cls input#searchsubmit{border-radius:0px 20px 20px 0px;outline:none;background:#09891e;}.item-content p,.item-content a,.entry-content p{font-family:Avantgarde,TeX Gyre Adventor,URW Gothic L,sans-serif !important;font-size:16px;}.wc_btn.wc_menu-btn i,.wc_btn.wc_close-btn i{font-family:"FontAwesome";font-style:inherit;}.pd_search_home label{width:100%;}.pd_search_home label input{border-radius:22px;padding:13px 20px;font-weight:600;font-size:16px;}body{font-family:Avantgarde,TeX Gyre Adventor,URW Gothic L,sans-serif !important;font-size:15px;line-height:1.8;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;}p{}h1{}h2{}h3{}h4{}h5{}h6{}.ai-viewports{--ai:1;}.ai-viewport-3{display:none !important;}.ai-viewport-2{display:none !important;}.ai-viewport-1{display:inherit !important;}.ai-viewport-0{display:none !important;}@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 979px){.ai-viewport-1{display:none !important;}.ai-viewport-2{display:inherit !important;}}@media (max-width: 767px){.ai-viewport-1{display:none !important;}.ai-viewport-3{display:inherit !important;}}.wc_main_div{z-index:99;width:100%;}.wc_main_div .wc_wrapper{position:relative;max-width:95%;padding:0px 0px;margin:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;}.wc_wrapper .wc_logo a{color:#f2f2f2;font-size:30px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;}.wc_wrapper .wc_nav-links{display:inline-flex;margin:auto;}.wc_nav-links li{list-style:none;line-height:24px;}.wc_nav-links li a{color:#09891e;text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;padding:25px 15px;border-radius:5px;transition:all .3s ease;}.wc_nav-links li a i{font-size:10px;}.wc_nav-links li a:hover{color:#333;}.wc_nav-links .wc_mobile-item{display:none;}.wc_nav-links .drop-menu{position:absolute;background:#242526;width:180px;line-height:45px;top:85px;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;box-shadow:0 6px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.15);}.wc_nav-links li:hover .drop-menu,.wc_nav-links li:hover .wc_mega-box{transition:all .3s ease;top:37px;opacity:1;visibility:visible;}.drop-menu li a{width:100%;display:block;padding:0 0 0 15px;font-weight:400;border-radius:0px;}.wc_mega-box{position:absolute;left:0;width:70%;padding:0 20px;top:85px;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;padding-top:10px;}.wc_mega-box .wc_content{background:#fff;padding:25px 20px 0px;width:100%;box-shadow:0 0 25px rgba(0,0,0,9%);}.wc_gird .wc_prgrm_fild ul{display:grid;grid-template-columns:25% 25% 25% 25%;}.wc_mega-box .wc_content .row{width:calc(25% - 30px);line-height:45px;}.wc_content .row header{color:#f2f2f2;font-size:20px;font-weight:500;}.wc_content .row .mega-links{margin-left:-40px;border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.09);}.row .mega-links li{padding:0 20px;}.row .mega-links li a{padding:0px;padding:0 20px;color:#d9d9d9;font-size:17px;display:block;}.row .mega-links li a:hover{color:#f2f2f2;}.wc_wrapper .wc_btn{color:#333;font-size:20px;cursor:pointer;display:none;}.wc_wrapper .wc_btn.wc_close-btn{position:absolute;right:30px;top:10px;}.wc_prgrm_fild li{margin-bottom:15px;display:flex;align-items:center;column-gap:5px;}.wc_prgrm_fild input{width:12px;height:12px;border:none;display:block !important;cursor:pointer;outline:none;padding:0px;}.wc_prgrm_fild label{font-weight:600;line-height:22px;color:#333;cursor:pointer;font-size:14px;margin:auto;}.wc_drop_section{border-bottom:2px solid rgba(170,170,170,.29);margin-bottom:20px;}.wc_drop_section h2{padding-bottom:15px;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(170,170,170,.13);margin-bottom:15px;font-size:16px;color:#09891e;}.wc_drop_section .wc_prgrm_fild ul li a{padding:0px;font-size:16px;border:none;display:flex;align-items:center;column-gap:6px;background:none;cursor:pointer;}.wc_logo img{display:flex;align-items:center;z-index:1;width:250px;}.wc_drop_section:nth-child(2){border:none;}@media screen and (max-width: 991px){.wc_wrapper .wc_btn{display:block;}.wc_wrapper .wc_nav-links{position:fixed;height:auto;max-width:290px;top:0;right:-160%;background:#fff;display:block;padding:50px 0px;line-height:50px;overflow-y:auto;box-shadow:0px 15px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.18);transition:all .3s ease;max-height:500px;}::-webkit-scrollbar{width:3px;}::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:#fff;}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#333;}#wc_menu-btn:checked ~ .wc_nav-links{right:0%;z-index:999;}#wc_menu-btn:checked ~ .wc_btn.wc_menu-btn{display:none;}#wc_close-btn:checked ~ .wc_btn.wc_menu-btn{display:block;}.wc_nav-links li{margin:15px 6px;}.wc_nav-links li a{padding:0 20px;display:block;font-size:20px;}.wc_nav-links .drop-menu{position:static;opacity:1;top:65px;visibility:visible;padding-left:20px;width:100%;max-height:0px;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:none;transition:all .3s ease;}#showDrop:checked ~ .drop-menu,#wc_showMega:checked ~ .wc_mega-box{max-height:100%;}.wc_nav-links .wc_desktop-item{display:none;}.wc_nav-links .wc_mobile-item{display:block;color:#09891e;font-size:20px;font-weight:600;padding-left:20px;cursor:pointer;border-radius:5px;transition:all .3s ease;}.wc_nav-links .wc_mobile-item:hover{color:#333;}.drop-menu li{margin:0;}.drop-menu li a{border-radius:5px;font-size:18px;}.wc_mega-box{position:static;top:65px;opacity:1;visibility:visible;padding:0 20px;max-height:0px;overflow:hidden;transition:all .3s ease;}.wc_mega-box .wc_content{box-shadow:none;flex-direction:column;padding:20px 20px 0 20px;}.wc_mega-box .wc_content .row{width:100%;margin-bottom:15px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08);}.wc_mega-box .wc_content .row:nth-child(1),.wc_mega-box .wc_content .row:nth-child(2){border-top:0px;}.wc_content .row .mega-links{border-left:0px;padding-left:15px;}.row .mega-links li{margin:0;}.wc_content .row header{font-size:19px;}.wc_gird .wc_prgrm_fild ul{display:block;}.wc_main_div .wc_wrapper{justify-content:space-between;}.wc_mega-box .wc_content .wc_gird ul{margin-left:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.wc_mega-box{width:100%;}label.wc_mobile-item{margin-bottom:0px;}}.wc_main_div input{display:none;}.wc_nav-links li:hover a i{transform:rotate(180deg);transition:.4s ease-in-all;}.wc_serch_bar input[type="text"]{display:block;padding:6px;border-radius:0;margin:0px;outline:none;}.wc_serch_bar form{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;margin-bottom:0px;position:relative;}.wc_serch_bar form i{}.wc_gird div ul li:nth-of-type(3n+1) input{background:#fc6042;}.wc_gird div ul li:nth-of-type(3n+2) input{background:#446cb3;}.wc_gird div ul li:nth-of-type(3n+3) input{background:#a177ff;}.wc_nav-links li:nth-child(2){}.wc_nav-links li:nth-child(2) a{}.wc_serch_bar{position:relative;}.wc_serch_bar input[type="text"]{display:block;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:0;border-radius:2px;margin:0px;outline:none;border:2px solid rgba(170,170,170,.26);}.wc_serch_bar form i{}.wc_serch_bar input[type="text"]::placeholder{font-weight:600;font-size:14px;}.wc_serch_bar input[type="text"]{display:block;padding:12px 6px;border-radius:0;border-radius:2px;margin:0px;outline:none;border:2px solid rgba(170,170,170,.26);width:230px;}.wc_wrapper .wc_nav-links{}.wc_nav-links .wc_mega-box .wc_prgrm_fild ul li:nth-child(2){}.wc_serch_bar{display:flex;margin-left:auto;}.wc_serch_bar form{position:relative;height:34px;transition:.4s ease-in all;}.wc_serch_bar #wc_srch{display:none;}#wc_srch_icon{display:none;}div#wc_hide_icon{background:#6a67ce;padding:9px;color:#fff;border:1px solid grey;border-left:0px;right:4px;border-radius:2px;font-size:14px;top:2px;}.wc_serch_bar form button{}.wc_serch_bar .search-form .search-submit{display:block;width:10px;position:absolute;right:5px;background-color:transparent;color:transparent;top:1px;}#wc_srch_icon.search-form label::before{background:#6a67ce;padding:2px 8px 3px;right:4px;top:19px;color:white;border-radius:2px;}.wc_serch_bar form label input{display:block;}.pd_header_social{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;margin-left:10px;}.pd_header_social a{margin:0px 3px;}.pd_header_social span{border-radius:100%;color:white;padding:7px;font-size:14px;}@media only screen and (max-width : 768px){.ov-topic{width:100% !important;}}.content{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;flex-wrap:wrap;}a:hover,a:focus{color:#4b37aa !important;font-weight:700;}body{font-family:Avantgarde,TeX Gyre Adventor,URW Gothic L,sans-serif;font-size:15px;line-height:1.8;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;}.ov-topic{width:30%;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:10px;display:inline-block;padding-bottom:20px !important;margin:1.5%;}.ov-topic > span{border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;background:linear-gradient(to right,#4535aa,#ed639e);display:block;text-align:center;color:#fff;padding:10px;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:17px !important;font-family:Avantgarde,TeX Gyre Adventor,URW Gothic L,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;}.ov-topic > ul{margin-bottom:0;border-top:1px solid #eee;padding:15px;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:5px;}#primary-area{width:100% !important;}.tg-page-header{padding:10px !important;}.tg-page-header .tg-page-header__title{font-family:Avantgarde,TeX Gyre Adventor,URW Gothic L,sans-serif;line-height:1.3;color:#fff;}.ov-topic > ul{list-style:none !important;}.ov-topic > ul li:before{content:"✓";}body{}.elementor-widget-text-editor,body,.wc_main_div h1,.wc_main_div h2,.wc_main_div h3,.wc_main_div h4,.wc_main_div h6,.elementor-widget-container h1,.elementor-widget-container h2,.elementor-widget-container h3,.elementor-widget-container h4,.elementor-widget-container h5,.elementor-widget-container h6,.widget .widget-title,.entry-content h1,.entry-content h2,.entry-content h3,.entry-content h4,.entry-content h5,.entry-content h6,#primary{font-family:Avantgarde,TeX Gyre Adventor,URW Gothic L,sans-serif !important;line-height:1.8;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;}.wc_main_div h5{font-size:17px;}.single-learn .entry-content p,.single-learn .entry-content{font-family:Avantgarde,TeX Gyre Adventor,URW Gothic L,sans-serif !important;}.wc_drop_section h2{color:#aaa !important;}.wc_prgrm_fild label{font-weight:500 !important;}@media screen and (max-width: 768px){.entry-content h5#h-introduction-to-java br{display:none;}.learn-template-default .learn.type-learn.status-publish .entry-content p:nth-child(1){display:none;}}